The Merkava is a late Cold War era main battle tank of Israeli origin. It was developed in order to be independent from export sales of other nations. The design is unique since it has been designed to meet the specific requirements posed by the Israeli military. Among the unique features are the forward mounted engine, high quality suspension, 60mm mortar and rear crew hatch.

The Merkava has a unique layout with the engine and drivetrain in the front right and driver front left. The long and low profile turret is located towards the rear. The turret houses remaining three crew members and the 105mm cannon. A rear hatch is provided and instead of ammunition infantry can be carried.

The main armament is a 105mm M68 cannon with digital fire control systems and stabilization in both axis. Up to 62 rounds can be carried and manually loaded. All NATO standard ammunition can be fired including the LAHAT anti-tank missile in later upgrades. A 7.62mm MAG coaxial machine gun is fitted, as well as a 60mm mortar. On the roof one or two 7.62mm MAG machine guns are pintle mounted. Some vehicles feature a 12.7mm M2HB heavy machine gun mounted onto the main gun as an addition coaxial machine gun.

The unique layout of the Merkava increases protection over the frontal arc. When introduced the Merkava was one of the best armored tanks in the world. The Merkava Mark I only used rolled armor The Mark II adds spaced armor, applique turret armor, improved skirts and rear turret slat armor with chains. The frontal armor will withstand older anti-tank missiles and 100mm rounds. Over time smoke grenade dischargers were added and some Mark I's received upgraded armor as used in Mk II.

The tracked chassis with helical spring suspension provides good all terrain mobility. The 900 hp diesel engine combined with the high weight result in a low power to weight ratio. The maximum speed is 50 km/h on roads and fuel consumption is high.

The Merkava is only used by the Israeli army. There have been no export sales. Over time Merkava Mark I's have been upgraded close to Mark 2 standard. The original Merkava series remains in reserve use since the improved Merkava 3 and 4 are in service. In recent years the Mark I and II returned to active service in the role of heavy APC instead of main battle tank.